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АНГЛИЙСКИЕ УРОКИ ИЗ АНГЛИИ |
УРОК ТРИДЦАТЬ СЕДЬМОЙ
А. Ответы на задание прошлой недели:
1. (i) Не said that he was going home soon. (ii) He said that she had been expecting us, (iii) He said that he would be in London to-morrow. (iv) He said that they had come late, (v) He said that the Milky Way is a crowd of stars. (vi) He said that the armchair was not comfortable. (vii) He said that we could have supper when John arrived. (viii) He said that he knew the man who is sitting by the window.
2. (i) John heard last week that he had passed his exam. (ii) Mr. Scott bought "The Star." (iii) They agreed to go for a meal together first, and then to the theatre to see "French Without Tears" at the Haymarket. (iv) Mr. Scott booked the seats by telephone. (v) They were in a mood to enjoy a comedy because they were happy that John had passed his exam.
Б. ГРАММАТИКА
§ 131. Употребление заглавных букв.
В английском языке заглавные буквы употребляются чаще, чем в русском. В английском они употребляются как в русском языке и, кроме того, в следующих случаях, когда в русском заглавные буквы не употребляются:
1. В личном местоимении первого лица единственного числа "I" (я).
2. В названиях дней недели - Monday (понедельник), Tuesday (вторник), и т.д.
3. В названиях месяцев, а именно: January - январь February - февраль March - март April - апрель May - май June - июнь July - июль August - август September - сентябрь October - октябрь November - ноябрь December - декабрь.
4. В прилагательных, производимых от имен собственных, как например:
French - французский; American - американский; German - немецкий; English - английский; Охfordian - оксфордский; Shakespearean - шекспировский.
B. ОТРЫВОК ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ
Вы теперь настолько хорошо знаете английский, что сможете с удовольствием прочесть и понять поэму Альфреда Теннисона (1809-1892). Помещаем часть поэмы сегодня. Конец поэмы мы дадим вам на следующей неделе, поэтому сохраните пожалуйста текст этого урока.
Альфред Теннисон жил приблизительно в то же время, что Пушкин и Лермонтов, но прожил он гораздо дольше их. Как поэт, он во многом очень близок Лермонтову. Вы, вероятно, заметите это при чтении, особенно если будете читать это вслух.
1.. THE LADY OF SHALOTT
On either side (of) the river lie
Long fields of barley and of rye,
That clothe the wold and meet the sky;
And through the fields a road runs by
To many-towered Camelot;
And up and down the people go,
Gazing where the lilies blow
Round an island there below,
The island of Shalott.
Willows whiten, aspens quiver
Little breezes dusk and shiver
Through the wave that runs for ever
By the island in the river
Flowing down to Camelot.
Four grey walls and four grey towers
Overlook a lawn and flowers,
And that silent isle embowers
The Lady of Shalott . . .
...There she weaves by night and day
A magic web with colours say.
She has heard a whisper say
A curse is on her if she stay
To look down at Camelot.
She knows not what the curse may be
And so she weaves on steadily
And not another care has she,
The Lady of Shalott.
And moving through a mirror clear
That hangs before her all the year
Shadows of the world appear...
And in her web she thinks she must
Weave the mirror's magic sights...
(Продолжение следует)
СПИСОК НОВЫХ СЛОВ
Г. Задание на следующую неделю:
kamliot - название воображаемого города.
"to stay" - в данном случае „перестать, прекратить работу".
either - оба, обе
side - сторона
long - длинный
barley - ячмень
rye - рожь
to clothe - одевать
wold - холм, склон
many-towered - много-башенный
up and down - взад и вперед
lily - лилия
to blow (blew, blown) - дуть; под дуновением
island (поэтически - isle) - остров
willow - ива
to whiten - белеть
aspen - осина
to quiver - трепетать
breeze - ветерок
to shiver - дрожать
for ever - навсегда
to flow - течь
grey - серый, седой
tower - башня
to embower - осенять, укрывать
silent - молчащий
to weave (wove, woven) - ткать
magic - волшебный
web - ткань curse - заклятие
steadily - постоянно, непрестанно
care - забота mirror - зеркало
hang - висеть
shadow - тень
to appear - являть
sight - появление
1. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы :
(i) What lies on either side of the river? (ii) Where (где) does the road tun? (iii) Where does it run to? (куда) (iv) Who goes up and down? (v) What is the name of the island? (vi) Who lives on the island? (vii) What does she weave? (viii) Why does she weave so steadily? (ix) What is the curse on her? (x) How does she know what is happening outside, if the curse will not let her look out of the window?
2. Прочтите несколько раз вслух "Лэди из Шаллот" и постарайтесь запомнить поэму. Стихи помогут вам запомнить слова. Читайте поэму вслух, следя по фонетической транскрипции.
(from Pickwicks Papers by CHARLES DICKENS, 1812-1870)
MR. PICKWICK paused, considered, pulled off his gloves and put them in his hat, took two or three short runs, baulked himself as often, and at last took another run and went slowly and gravely down the slide, with his feet about a yard and a quarter apart, amidst the gratified shouts of all the spectators.
"Keep the pot a bilin, sir," said Sam; and down went Wardle again, and then Mr. Pickwick, and then Sam, and then Mr. Winkle, and then Bob Sawyer, and then the fat boy, and then Mr. Snodgrass, following closely upon each other's heels, and running after each other with as much eagerness as if all their future prospects in life depended on their expedition.
It was the most intensely interesting thing, to observe the manner in which Mr. Pickwick performed his share in the ceremony ; to watch the torture of anxiety with which he viewed the person behind, gaining upon him at the imminent hazard of tripping him up ; to see him gradually expend the painful force which he had put on at first, and turn slowly round on the slide, with his face towards the point from which he had started ; to contemplate the playful smile which mantled on his face when he had accomplished the distance, and the eagerness with which he turned round when he had done so, and ran after his predecessor, his black gaiters tripping pleasantly through the snow, and his eyes beaming cheerfulness and gladness through his spectacles. And when he was knocked down (which happened upon the average every third round), it was the most invigorating sight that can possibly be imagined, to behold him gather up his hat, gloves, handkerchief, with a glowing countenance, and resume his station in the rank, with an ardour and enthusiasm which nothing could abate.
The sport was at Its height, the sliding was at the quickest, the laughter was at the loudest, when a sharp, smart crack was heard. There was a quick rush towards the bank, a wild scream from the ladies, and a shout from Mr. Tupman. A large mass of ice disappeared, the water bubbled up over it, and Mr. Pickwick's hat, gloves, and handkerchief were floating on the surface; and this was all of Mr. Pickwick that anybody could see.
Dismay and anguish were depicted on every countenance; the males turned pale, and the females fainted; Mr. Snodgrass and Mr. Winkle grasped each other by the hand, and gazed at the spot where their leader had gone down, with frenzied eagerness ; while Mr. Tupman, by way of rendering the promptest assistance, and at the same time conveying to any persons who might be within hearing, the clearest possible notion of the catastrophe, ran off across the country at his utmost speed, screaming " Fire I " with all his might and main.
It was at this very moment, when old Wardle and Sam Weller were approaching the hole, with cautious steps, and Mr. Benjamin Alien was holding a hurried consultation with Mr. Bob Sawyer (the Surgeon) on the advisability of bleeding the company generally, as an improving little bit of professional practice-it was at this very moment that a face, head, and shoulders emerged from beneath the water, and disclosed the features and spectacles of Mr. Pickwick.
" Keep yourself up for an instant- for only one instant," bawled Mr. Snodgrass.
" Yes, do ; let me implore you- for my sake," roared Mr. Winkle, deeply affected. The adjuration was rather unnecessary; tht probability being, that if Mr. Pickwick had declined to keep himself up for anybody else's sake, it would have occurred to him that he might as well do so for his own.
" Do you feel the bottom there, old fellow ? " said Wardle.
" Yes, certainly," replied Mr. Pickwick, wringing the water from his head and face, and gasping for breath. " I fell upon my back. I couldn't get on my feet at first."
The clay upon so much of Mr-Pickwick's coat as was yet visible, bore testimony to the accuracy of this statement; and as the fears of the spectators were still further relieved by the fat boy's suddenly recollecting that the water was nowhere more than five feet deep, prodigies of valour were performed to get him out. After a vast quantity of splashing, and cracking, and struggling, Mr. Pickwick was at length fairly extricated from his unpleasant position, and vice more stood on dry land.
" Oh, he'll catch his death of cold," said Emily.
" Dear old thing ! " said Arabella. " Let me wrap this shawl round you, Mr. Pickwick."
" Ah, that's the best thing you can do," said Wardle ; "and when you've got it on, run home as fast as your legs can carry you, and jump into bed directly."
A dozen shawls were offergl on the instant; and three or four of the thickest having been selected, Mr. Pickwick was wrapped up, and started off, under the guidance of Mr. Weller ; presenting the singular phenomenon of an elderly gentleman dripping wet, and without a hat, with his arms bound down to his sides, skimming over the ground without any clearly defined purpose at the rate of six good English miles an hour.
But Mr. Pickwick cared not for appearances in such an extreme case, and urged on by Sam Weller, he kept at the very top of his speed until he reached the door of Manor Farm, where Mr. Tupman had arrived soma five minutes before, and had frightened the old lady into palpitations of the heart, by impressing her with the unalterable conviction that the kitchen chimney was on fire-a calamity which always presented itself in the most glowing colours to the old lady's mind, when anybody about her evinced the smallest agitation.
Mr. Pickwick paused not an instant until he was snug in bed. Sara Weller lighted a blazing fire in the room, and took up his dinner ; a bowl of punch was carried up afterwards, and a grand carouse held in honour of his safety. Old Wardle would not hear of his rising, so they made the bed the chair, and Mr. Pickwick presided. A second and a third bowl were ordered in ; and when Mr. Pickwick awoke next morning, there was not a symptom of rheumatism about him, which proves, as Mr. Bob Sawyer very justly observed, that there is nothing like "hot punch in such cases, and that if ever hot punch did fail to act as a preventative, it was merely because the patient fell into the vulgar error of not taking enough of it.
The jovial party broke up next morning. Breakings up are capital things in our schooldays, but in after life they are painful enough. Death, self-interest, and fortune's changes, are every day breaking up many a happy group and scattering them far and wide; and the boys and girls never come back again. We do not mean to say that it was exactly the case in this particular instance ; all we wish to inform the reader is, that the different members of the party dispersed to their several hqgnes; and that Mr. Pickwick and his friends once more took their seats on the top of the Muggleton coach ; and that Arabella Alien repaired to her place of destination, wherever it might have been - we dare say Mr. Winkle knew, but we confess we don't-under the care and guardianship of her brother Benjamin, and his most intimate and particular friend, Mr. Bob Sawyer.
1 Baulks himself = fails, misses his turn,
2 biling = London (Cockney) pronunciation of "boiling." Keep the pot boiling - to follow quickly one after another.
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